Standard therapy for treatment of vitamin B 12 deficiency has been intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) injections of hydroxocobalamin (OHCbl), since the majority of cases are due to malabsorption by the enteral route (gut). Shown is 500 μg B-12 prepared for subcutaneous injection. Hydroxocobalamin injection USP (1000 μg/mL) is a clear red liquid solution. Commercially it is made using one of a number of types of bacteria. Hydroxocobalamin is available as a generic medication. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Hydroxocobalamin was first isolated in 1949. Hydroxocobalamin, or another form of vitamin B 12, are required for the body to make DNA. Hydroxocobalamin is the natural form of vitamin B 12 and a member of the cobalamin family of compounds. Normal doses are considered safe in pregnancy. They may include diarrhea, low blood potassium, allergic reactions, and high blood pressure. It is given by injection into a muscle or vein. Other uses include treatment for cyanide poisoning, Leber's optic atrophy, and toxic amblyopia. As a supplement it is used to treat vitamin B12 deficiency including pernicious anemia. Hydroxocobalamin, also known as vitamin B 12a and hydroxycobalamin, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.
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